Leanna Wolfe Summer 2006
Anthropology 121
Quiz #7
Chapter 5 – Altered States of Consciousness
1.
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T/F An altered state of consciousness refers to any mental state that differs from a normal state.
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2. What are some examples of altered states of consciousness?
3. What are some features of altered states of consciousness?
4. T/F Altered states of consciousness can be produced by fasting.
5. T/F Native American Churches in the U.S. are not allowed to use peyote as a sacrament.
6. T/F Peyote is a hallucinogen.
7. T/F Users of peyote in religious ritual believe that it contains the power of God and that those who ingest it will absorb god’s power.
8. What are examples of mental stimulants?
9. What consciousness altering drugs and substances have you tried? Did you achieve the state described in table 5.2?
10. T/F Christianity features many examples of vicarious suffering.
11. T/F Some funeral rituals involve self-inflicted pain on the part of the mourners.
12. Why can certain kinds of pain produce a euphoric state?
13. T/F Pain can be experienced as healing and/or transformative.
14. How does spirit possession work?
15. T/F A unitary state is caused by being one with oneself.
16. Why might a visual aura be interpreted by some to be a vision while others would consider it a pathology?
17. What’s in a salvation cocktail? What is tested by drinking it?
18. T/F Psychological tests of serpent handlers indicate that in many ways they are more emotionally healthy than members of mainline Protestant churches.
19. T/F For Holiness Church members, surviving a snakebite is a sign of god’s grace.
20. What might be the appeal of snake handling amongst members of the Holiness church?
21. What substance do Ju/’hoansi (Kung) trance healers use in their rituals?
22. What are some methods in which drugs are taken?
23. T/F Rastafarians refer to marijuana as “wisdom weed.”
24. What are the differences in regards to setting and intention that separate ritual drug use and that practiced in secular societies?
Psychedelic Drugs and Religious Experience
1. Why, according to De Ropp do some people want to use (or feel they need to use) psychedelic drugs?
2. Who was the most outspoken leader of the psychedelic cults of the sixties?
3. Which of the following were characteristic of the psychedelic cults of the sixties (as compared older cults e.g. peyote )
a. the drugs were natural (e.g. found in nature) b. the drugs used were mainly synthetic c. the cult founders were white Americans d. the cult founders were Native Americans
4. T/F On the whole, psychedelic drugs did not raise a person to a higher level of being.
5. Who did Richard Alpert transform himself into?
6. T/F Mescaline acts by reducing the capacity of the brain to utilize glucose.
7. How do psychedelics produce their effects?
8. Francis Huxley reports that the popularity of drugs in the contemporary West is due to a search for power at a time of rapid social change. How does this compare to drug use among non-Westerners?
9. Why are hallucinogenic drugs are frequently used in religious rites?
10. One purpose of a ritual setting for the taking of a drug is to:
a. prevent madness b. induce sleep c. promote temporary alienation
d. enhance spiritualism
11. What are some of the drugs used by traditional peoples? How are they used?
Alcohol in the Western World
1.
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How is alcohol regarded today?
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2. Why was alcohol considered the “Water of Life” in the Middle Ages?
3. Why did Prussia’s Frederick the Great (1777) consider beer a superior beverage to coffee?
4. T/F 5,000 years ago Egyptians and Babylonians drank beers made from barley and wheat.
5. When and where did wine production begin?
6. T/F The Old and New Testaments make frequent mention to water being a common human beverage.
7. T/F During the Middle Ages alcohol was rarely served in Asia.
8. T/F Throughout Western history the normal state of mind may have been one of inebriation.
9. T/F Concerns over temperance may have led to the incorporation of wine into everyday Hebrew ritual.
10. T/F The 17th century Christian church banned the production and consumption of wine.
11. When did the drinking of non-alcoholic beverages become popular in Europe?
12. When was alcoholism first considered to be a disease?
13. T/F Alcoholism is the primary cause of preventable death in the U.S.
A Pacific Haze: Alcohol and Drugs in Oceania
1. What are the most common traditional drugs used in the Pacific Islands?
2.
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In the Pacific Islands who was allowed to consume traditional drugs?
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3.
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What new drugs have been introduced into the Pacific Islands?
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4.
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How is betel consumed?
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6.
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When/Why is betel chewed?
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7.
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T/F Kava consumption is typically restricted to high-status men.
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8.
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What appears to be the political purpose of drinking kava?
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9.
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What are the long-term affects of betel and kava consumption?
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10.
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T/F Multinational corporations are now pursuing commercial manufacture of betel and kava products.
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11.
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What substance was regarded as “white man’s kava?”
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12.
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T/F The women of Oceania have a strong taste for alcohol.
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13.
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How is beer regarded in Papua New Guinea?
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14.
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T/F Tobacco did not reach most of the Pacific Islands until the 19th century.
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15.
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T/F Currently Pacific Islanders have little access to tobacco and rarely smoke it.
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16.
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T/F Marijuana smoking is illegal in Oceania.
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